Define — 3 marks
A scuba diver descends deeper into the ocean. As they go down, they experience increasing pressure from the water above them. Understanding pressure in fluids is essential for safe diving practices.
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Define pressure.
[1 mark]
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Define the term 'fluid' and give one example from the diving scenario.
[2 marks]
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State — 5 marks
A submarine operates at different depths in the ocean. As it descends, the water pressure increases significantly. The submarine's hull must be designed to withstand these extreme pressures without collapsing. Engineers need to understand how pressure varies with depth to ensure crew safety.
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State the relationship between pressure and depth in a fluid.
[2 marks]
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State two factors, other than depth, that affect the pressure exerted by a fluid.
[2 marks]
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State why the pressure acts equally in all directions at a given point within a fluid.
[1 mark]
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Describe — 5 marks
A submarine is exploring the ocean at different depths. The submarine has windows made of reinforced glass that must withstand the pressure from the surrounding water. As the submarine descends deeper, the crew notices the water pressure increases significantly.
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Describe what happens to the pressure in the water as the submarine descends deeper into the ocean.
[2 marks]
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Explain why the pressure increases with depth in a fluid using the concept of weight.
[2 marks]
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The submarine windows are circular. Describe how the direction of the pressure force on the windows acts.
[1 mark]
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Compare — 2 marks
A scuba diver descends into the ocean. At a depth of 10 metres, the pressure is approximately 200 kPa. At a depth of 20 metres, the pressure is approximately 300 kPa.
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Compare the pressure acting on the diver at 10 metres depth with the pressure acting on the diver at 20 metres depth.
[2 marks]
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