Define — 2 marks
A materials scientist is investigating different substances used in smartphone screens. She compares diamond (used in protective coatings), graphite (used in conductive layers), and silicon dioxide (used in glass). Each material has very different properties despite being made of carbon or oxygen and silicon atoms.
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Define what is meant by the term 'giant covalent structure'.
[2 marks]
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Describe — 4 marks
A materials scientist is investigating two substances for use in aircraft components. Substance A is diamond (a form of carbon), and Substance B is silicon dioxide (SiO₂). Both materials are extremely hard and have high melting points, making them suitable for high-temperature applications. The scientist needs to understand the relationship between their atomic structures and their properties.
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Describe the structure of diamond in terms of its atoms and bonding.
[2 marks]
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Describe the structure of silicon dioxide and explain why it has a very high melting point.
[2 marks]
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State — 5 marks
A materials scientist is investigating three substances for use in aerospace manufacturing: diamond, silicon dioxide (quartz), and sodium chloride. Each material has different structural properties that make them suitable for different applications. The scientist needs to understand how the arrangement of particles in each substance relates to its physical properties.
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State the type of bonding present in diamond.
[1 mark]
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State two reasons why diamond is harder than sodium chloride, by referring to their structures.
[2 marks]
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State the structure type of silicon dioxide and explain why it has a higher melting point than sodium chloride despite both being giant structures.
[2 marks]
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Describe — 3 marks
A student is investigating different materials used in kitchen utensils. They examine a wooden spoon, an aluminium foil container, and a glass bowl. Each material has different properties that make it suitable for different uses.
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Describe the structure of a metal such as aluminium.
[2 marks]
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Explain how the structure of aluminium results in it being a good conductor of electricity.
[1 mark]
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Calculate — 2 marks
A student is investigating the properties of ionic compounds in a school laboratory. They are calculating the relative formula mass of magnesium oxide (MgO) to help them prepare a solution of known concentration. The relative atomic masses are: Mg = 24, O = 16.
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(01.1) Calculate the relative formula mass of magnesium oxide (MgO).
[1 mark]
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(01.2) The student needs to prepare 40 g of magnesium oxide. Calculate the mass of magnesium needed to make this amount of magnesium oxide.
[1 mark]
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- (01.1) 40 (1)
- (01.2) 24 g (1) OR 40 × 24/40