Motion

Describe — 2 marks

A cyclist is travelling along a straight road. She accelerates from rest for 5 seconds, reaching a speed of 8 m/s. She then travels at this constant speed for 10 seconds before applying the brakes and decelerating uniformly to a stop over 4 seconds.

Describe the motion of the cyclist during the first 5 seconds. [1 mark]
Describe how the velocity of the cyclist changes during the braking phase. [1 mark]

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Calculate — 2 marks

A cyclist travels in a straight line along a flat road. She accelerates uniformly from rest and reaches a velocity of 8 m/s after 4 seconds.

Calculate the acceleration of the cyclist. [1 mark]
The cyclist then travels at a constant velocity of 8 m/s for 10 seconds. Calculate the distance travelled during this constant velocity phase. [1 mark]

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Compare — 5 marks

A cyclist and a runner both travel along the same 100 m straight path. The cyclist accelerates uniformly from rest and reaches 8 m/s after 10 seconds, then maintains this constant velocity. The runner accelerates uniformly from rest and reaches 6 m/s after 12 seconds, then maintains this constant velocity.

Compare the accelerations of the cyclist and the runner during their acceleration phases. [2 marks]
Compare the distances travelled by the cyclist and the runner during their respective acceleration phases. [2 marks]
Explain which person travels the 100 m path in less time, using your answers from parts (a) and (b) to justify your response. [1 mark]

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Define — 5 marks

A traffic engineer is analysing the motion of vehicles on a motorway. She needs to understand the difference between how fast a car is travelling at any given instant and how far it travels over a longer journey. The data from speed cameras and GPS tracking systems provides different types of information about vehicle motion.

Define instantaneous speed. [2 marks]
Define average speed and explain how it differs from instantaneous speed. [2 marks]
A car travels 240 km in 3 hours, but the speed camera records it travelling at 100 km/h at one point during the journey. Explain why these two pieces of information are not contradictory, using your definitions from parts (a) and (b). [1 mark]

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Describe — 2 marks

Calculate — 2 marks

Compare — 5 marks

Define — 5 marks

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