GCSE Physics  ›  P.8.2 Orbital motion, natural and artificial satellites

Orbital motion, natural and artificial satellites

Free AQA GCSE Physics practice questions on Orbital motion, natural and artificial satellites. Sample questions below with detailed mark schemes — sign up to practise the full set with spaced repetition.

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State — 2 marks

A communications satellite is placed in a geostationary orbit above the Earth's equator. This type of satellite remains fixed above the same point on Earth's surface and is used for broadcasting television signals and weather monitoring.

  1. State what is meant by a geostationary orbit. [1 mark]
  2. State the orbital period of a geostationary satellite. [1 mark]
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Calculate — 5 marks

The International Space Station (ISS) orbits Earth at an altitude of approximately 400 km above the surface. It completes one full orbit every 90 minutes. Scientists need to understand the orbital characteristics of the ISS to plan satellite operations and ensure safe navigation in space.

  1. The ISS orbits Earth once every 90 minutes. Calculate the orbital period of the ISS in seconds. [1 mark]
  2. The radius of Earth is 6,371 km. The ISS orbits at an altitude of 400 km above Earth's surface. Calculate the orbital radius of the ISS (distance from Earth's centre to the ISS) in metres. [2 marks]
  3. Using your answer from part (b), calculate the orbital speed of the ISS in m/s. (Use the equation: v = 2πr/T, where r is the orbital radius and T is the orbital period from part (a)) [2 marks]
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Define — 4 marks

The International Space Station (ISS) orbits Earth at an altitude of approximately 400 km. It completes one orbit every 90 minutes and remains in a stable circular orbit without the need for continuous thrust. The station's orbit is maintained by the gravitational force between Earth and the ISS.

  1. Define orbital velocity. [1 mark]
  2. Define gravitational field strength and explain why it varies with distance from Earth's centre. [2 marks]
  3. The ISS experiences gravitational force from Earth. Explain why this force does not cause the ISS to fall towards Earth's surface, despite the continuous gravitational attraction. [1 mark]
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Evaluate — 3 marks

A communications satellite orbits Earth at a fixed position above the equator, always remaining above the same location on the ground. This type of satellite is called a geostationary satellite and is used for broadcasting television signals and weather monitoring.

  1. State what provides the centripetal force that keeps a geostationary satellite in orbit around Earth. [1 mark]
  2. A geostationary satellite must have an orbital period of exactly 24 hours. Explain why this requirement is important for its function as a communications satellite. [1 mark]
  3. Evaluate whether a geostationary satellite could be placed in orbit at the same height above the North Pole as it is above the equator and still function as described. [1 mark]
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